Performance Management at Littleton Credit Union Essay

Performance precaution at Littleton Credit Union - adjudicate ExampleThe study will aim at providing performance way techniques which can act as a catalyst in improving the power of the organization. The solutions provided in the study will help the employees of LCU to light upon their targets and objectives in a systematic method. The study will also give an insight into the difficulties faced by the organization in implementation of these techniques. Performance counselling techniques will help in addressing the financial and non financial challenges faced by LCU. Factors Affecting Performance Management Performance Management (PM) is defined as a systematic approach in improving the individual and team performance in order to achieve organizational goals (Baron and Armstrong, 2005, p.02). It also aims at developing the capacity of the employees and workers and providing guidance to the employees when it is undeniable to deliver superior performance (Cardy and Leonard, 2011). There are several internal and outer factors affecting the performance of the company which requires crucial identification by the management of the organization (Thorpe and Beasley, 2004). These factors need to be critically examined by the managers of the organization to evaluate the influencing factors link up to the performance of the employees. ... It is observed that the Carla Fredericks would serve for the post of CEO in Little Credit Union (LCU) and has identified certain challenges faced by the company. Providing solutions from the performance management perspective would enable the CEO to address the immediate concerns of the organizations in a systematic manner. Firstly, it was observed Acquiring financial investment from loan sharks for LCU is not an patrician process because the loan sharks are doubtful on the organizations ability to repay the loans. To address this problem it was suggested by the CEO and the other pilfer level managers that LCU should get themsel ves credited with a credit pass judgment agency to obtain credibility (Partnoy, n.d.). By obtaining credibility LCU the opportunities of obtaining financial resources gets widened. However, it was observed that the credit rating agencies provide credit rating to companies with a good management practices and high turnover. This is not possible in this case because LCU has not been able to yield profit and also attract high potential investors. Secondly, it has been observed that LCU is over staffed the number of staff is high compared to the population of the town. An organization with a high number of employees does not necessarily mean that the employee productivity would also increase. An overstaffed organization can have negative consequence for example a high number of staff indicates that the management of LCU has been paying extra wages and salaries which has resulted in an increase in their expenditure. LCU management should focus on acquiring the right number of staff wit h suitable skills for the required position. It would be easier to design the key responsibility areas that would be required in each and every department of the organization and

Analysis of Police Corruption Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Analysis of Police Corruption - Research Paper ExampleThe legal philosophy department is constructed at a lower place the constitution and mandated to provide security and ensure all laws of the land have adhered. When the police are engaged in infect activities, they break their mandate. In responding to this, corrupt officers are arrested and charged in the court. This has been very effective in ensuring that the officers are responsible for all their actions. Through corruption, the police deny the citizens some adjusts like the right to protected by a law-enforcing agency. This is clearly stipulated in the constitution. In some corrupt police dealing, they collude with criminal for them to carry out their activities effectively. In practical application up their activities, these officers may undertake the arrest of innocent people. This raises questions as to where the security of the citizen could be upheld. This leads to reduced trust in the operations of the police office s. Since the citizens may deprivation the sound background to bring forth their claims, various human rights groups have been on their rescue. They have made it possible for various reforms to be made which has little by little improved the interaction between the police and the citizens (Forst & Dempsey, 2011). Corruption is conducted in the police force in numerous ways. Bribery, which entails the exchange of a benefit between police officers, is the most common form of corruption. This is evident in traffic rules violation and illegal sale of drugs. Though this acts, the police officers propagate crimes rather than curbing it. In response to this, the root causes of the crime have been investigated and various strategies implemented. Since the public promotes the vice through producing bribes, they should be educated on the possible repercussions that may befall on them once they are identified. Therefore, in ensuring that the vice is completely gotten rid of, proper coordinati on between various stakeholders is necessary. Causes of police corruption Lack of professionalism by police officers in the conduction of their activities is one of the main causes of the increase in corrupt activities.

The most appropriate organizational culture Article

The most appropriate governingal culture - Article ExampleWhile before, worldwide knowledge is usually taught in order that students raise qualify into whatever job becomes available imagineless of the field of study pursued, in this modern duration they are encouraged to enrich their talent, thus the rise of academic courses designed specifically to meet their needs. I belong to the group that started giving due regard to their particular interest at an early age. In addition, there is the drive to heighten the level of competence and get ahead of the others. The mindset is what I can offer the partnership that I will choose to work with, and not the other way around. For this reason, I feel comfortable to form part of an organization with a culture that values talent, entrepreneurial activity, and performance over commitment one that offers large financial rewards and individual recognition. I believe that equal opportunities for move growth should be presented to all employ ees, and not much weight on the length of service. The latter is not even a reliable basis of company loyalty. Just because one has been with the company longer than the other, it does not mean he or she can do the job better. A good performance deserves recognition, and I suppose this determines the employees work morale, camaraderie, and dependability. A single performance incites a chain reaction that benefits the team, the management, and the organization as a whole. I do not consider myself a one man show for I too enjoy aiming for the goal next to my colleagues nevertheless, changes are inevitable and opportunities are everywhere.

Explore the reasons why Othello orders the death of Desdemona Essay Example for Free

Explore the reasons why Othello orders the death of Desdemona Es scanOthello is a play about love, hatred, death and deception. Othello is partially betrayed by flaw in his own character. He orders the death of Cassio (his friend and ensign) and Desdemona (his wife) for a number of reasons. Chief among these are is that he is flowering, violent and aggressive. He is an angered soldiery who believes whatever Iago tells him with blind faith. He is confused by Iagos tricks and does as he is told without thinking about its consequences. He is impulsive. He is acting like a true moore (or as what people consider him to be) in Shakespeare days.Othello has the tendency to believe whatever Iago tells him. Even before he is evincen any evidence to prove that Desdemona is duplicity on him. He starts to hate her Now do I see tis true. He turns a blind eye on the fact that he has not seen what the proof is yet. The proof could have been so insignificant that Othello would not trusted it, however in this case the evidence have been planted to mislead Othello.Othello is impulsive. He is rash as fire for numerous reasons. He doesnt trust his wife (who he married with his happiness) or trust his friend, Iago, Who is his enemy. He believes that his wife is cheating on him and becomes enraged actually easily. Ill tear her whole to pieces. It tells us that his intentions arent very sound. Rather than cleanup her he could Shake he off to beggarly divorce and let her live her life.Furthermore, after Iago has completely misled him, Othello finds no other way other than thinking and ordering the death of Cassio. Let me hear thee say that Cassios not alive. He acts hastily without letting Cassio stand trail nor defend himself. He is sure that Desdemona and Cassio have become disloyal to him.The audience that Othello is an angry man and rash as fire by his behaviour towards Iago. If thou dost slander her and torture me wherefore thou hast, better been born a dog than ans wer my wakd wrath. This show that Othello cant comprehend it that his wife might be cheating on him so he is taking his anger out on others. An example of that is he takes his anger out on Iago, who he believes to be his friend.However, he is not rash as fire because he resists the urges. He shows this when he is in conversation with Iago. Ill not believe it. Here Othello is trying to imply that he doesnt believe Iago fully until he sees the evidence in the form of the handkerchief. This shows that he shut away trust s his wife. He is saying she is as pure as a goddess and if she isnt then heaven isnt so perfect when he says if she be imitation then heaven mock itself.He also proves he trusts his wife. Ill se before I doubt. He still wants evidence before doing anything. When I doubt, prove. This shows that Othello doesnt have complete faith in Iago.The audience cannot really blame Othello for being rash as fire as Iago keeps provoking his temper. Iago convinces Othello of Desdemo nas and Cassios guilt by using different techniques.To convince Othello, Iago plants circumstantial evidences in order to make Othello think that something is really going on between Cassio and Desdemona. He steals Desdemonas handkerchief and leaves it in Cassios bedroom. Such a handkerchief did I see Cassio wipe his beard with. This helps Iago prove Desdemonas infidelity as it will give Othello evidence. Trifleare to the jealous confirmation hale as proofs of holy writ.Furthermore, Iago is reticence and implies he is withholding information. He acts like he doesnt want to say anything. Should you do sospeech should fall in vile success. This entices Othello to say I pray thee speak to me as to thy thinking. This makes it seem like Iago is trustworthy because he seems to want to protect his friend, when really he wants to get Othello to hate him. frequently my jealousy shapes faults that are not.Iago start to lie outright. However he only does this after he has largely convinced O thello. He says that he heard Cassio talk to Desdemona in his sleep. Sweet Desdemona let us hide our love. This is a blatant lie but Othello is fooled and believes him. He falls into Iagos trap.It works as he creates repugnant images of Cassio and Desdemona. This is when Othello for the first time concludes that Desdemona is gone. His trust and faith in his marital happiness fades into the belief he has been rejected by Desdemona.A technique that works very well with Othello is when Iago implies he knows more than he does, making leading statements. He first introduces the topic by deliberately leading a question for Othello to communicate rather than stating the full facts thus playing on Othellos paranoia. Did Michael Cassio, when you wood my lady know of your love? This makes Othello wonder why he would want to know that. He later serves to make Othello think of Desdemona. Iago is clever and subtle in his tricks Othello cannot be blamed for believing him. Later, when Othello is convinced, he reinforces his honesty by saying perhaps you take heed might change. He does this because he knows Othello wont.Another skill which works well is making Othello angry on purpose. Iago uses graphical language to make Othello picture Desdemona and Cassio in compromising situation. Wouldst thou grossily grape on behold her topped? This gets Othello worked up. He uses shocking and profane language such as prime as goat, heated as monkey by saying this Othello believes Iago and becomes all senseless and wrathful. Thou hadst better been born a dog than answer my wakd rath. This makes Othello irrational and witless.The audience whitethorn also consider the social and historical background to be a reason. During the time when the play was written, many events were taking place (we can see hints of this in the play).When Othello was convinced that Desdemona was cheating him, he decided he would kill her. Divorce was not an option for him as the pope, who was at time was th e most important man in Europe, would not allow Othello to divorce Desdemona without a trial. Othello didnt want to do this as he would have to prove Desdemona guilty of infidelity. Othello didnt want to do this as he still loved Desdemona with all his heart and thought Desdemona cheated him.Another point we must consider is that when the play was written there was a good deal of racism and mis-trust for non-Christians. Shakespeares audience may have seen moors as barbarous heathens. This would explain his propensity for violence. Consequently coloured people such as Venetians were attached fewer rights as they were regarded as barbarians. Such barbarians would react violently, because they were uncivilised. O blood, blood, blood Othellos Moorish heritage may also have influenced his anger at the privation of the handkerchief as he actually believed in its magic. Tis true. There is a magic in the web of it.Othello having been a soldier since he was 7 and then a general, meaning he spent his life in the army and therefore he didnt know women well. He was also an outsider to the Venetian familiarity and so it made it easier for Iago to convince Othello. In Venice they do let god see the pranks they do not show their husbands.A number of factors contribute to the killing of Desdemona and Cassio. One of the major reasons influencing Othellos decision is Iagos numerous lies and his way of manipulating and confusing Othello. These play a major part as, if Iago hadnt lied to Othello, he wouldnt have thought his wife betrayed him.Another factor that led to Desdemonas and Cassios killing is that the fact that in his personal life he knew nothing about women. Iago took advantage of this and lies outright. Iagos lies wouldnt have worked if Othello had trust in him. If divorce was an option he probably would have considered it letting Desdemona live her life. Another reason that Othello was harsh was because thats what moors were considered to be.

The Italian Renaissance Essay Example for Free

The Italian renascence EssayIntroductionThe literature of the metempsychosis featured heroism, justice and power, influencing modern political, kind and philosophical ideals. In contrast to the middle ages where censorship limited to themes and genres for literature, the Renaissance served as platform for public commentary and discussion. However, it should also be notable that though many of the writers of the period had greater independence than other inventionists of the time from the Church, many of the writers enjoyed patronage by state political powers or became part of the political machinery of these institutions. In Bondanella and Musas (1987) The Italian Renaissance Reader, the works of some of the most notable writers of the Renaissance movement provide a glimpse to the evolution of the principle behind the artistic movement which while adhering to classical traditions, revived intellectual thinking and exchange.BackgroundThough the Renaissance was a reaction to the medieval fusty views and saw the resurgence of arts, literature and philosophy, in that respect was still significant conservatism in sciences. Thus, though many of the writers of the period can be considered to be forward-thinking, the prescription drug of logic and deduction as intellectual disciplines is apparent. One advocate of the methodology is Petrarch who highlighted classical sources and scholarship as the standard of reasoning and study (p. 57). This tradition or style is apparent in the works of Niccolo Machiavellis The Prince, Giovanni Boccaccios Decameron and Baldesar Castigliones Book of the Courier among other as well (pp. 259, 60, 197).Building from the literature and art revolution of the late 1200s, Italian became the literary vocabulary of the period in contrast to previous preference for other European languages. It created not only a nationalistic individuality to literature but also served as reinforcement for state, affable and political works that Italian writer would be most noted for. Consequently, the development would also support the growth of publishing in the country, particularly Venice, which in turn will further enhance the regard for Italian Renaissance writers. However, despite these changes, religion remained a primary theme in most Italian works. Majority of the works were either reflective of the medieval themes or applications of such themes using secular humanism.Themes and IdeasItalian writers sought to assimilate classical traditions in their work in the belief that these intellectualized and rationalized their work. One of the most common themes and ideas in the writers featured humanism and self-awareness. The former can be illustrated by Giovanni Pico Della Mirandolas Oration on the Dignity of Man (pp. 180-183). In this work, man is portrayed as an individual whose identity and value is his own and though he is subject to religion, society and the state, remains an individual. As such, he is considered two an actor an object of other actions through the sue of living. Self-awareness in turn can be illustrated in the work of Leonardo Da Vinci and Michelangelo Buonarroti (pp. 187-196, 377-381).Though they are most renowned for their contribution to visual art, both these artists notes indicate their belief that art as a product of man is beyond his inspiration or labor. They implied that the work or artists and in a gumption all other labors of man, where to be appreciated for themselves beyond their identity as a work of an individual and in turn to understand the artist beyond the work being viewed.Boccaccios Decameron also proved to be inspirational to other writers of the period not only in Italy but in the symmetry of Europe including the works of William Shakespeare and Geoffrey Chaucer (p. 60). Furthermore, the Decameron is considered to not to represent the characteristics of the Renaissance Italy literature but actually set the pace for other writers since Boccaccio was one of the most notable students of Petrarch. In the course of his story of the ten story tellers running from the plague combined religious themes with secular discussion of ethics and honourableity (pp. 59-61).In all of these writings, on that point is greater empowerment for men to mold their destinies and the ability to make choices. Ultimately, the Italian Renaissance writers believed that salvation and redemption depend on an individuals message and commitment to realize them. In such a perspective, though religion remains to be a predominant power, man is the qualifier of human experience. Moreover, there is greater recognition of mans hand in the life of others as well as his own. In turn, this reinforced the call for greater obligation and accountability for ones actions.Impact and InfluenceOne of the most important contributions of Italian Renaissance writers is the establishment of Italian as a language of literature. This would serve as a foundation for the Italian literary industry as well as the role of the Italian writers as political and social intellectual leaders in Europe.Another notable contribution of Italian Renaissance writers is their influence on other writers of the period such as Shakespeare and Chaucer as well as the development of humanistic ideals and appreciation of art. A hierarchy for living matter was also developed based on a hierarchy of intellect implying that mans greatest ability was the capacity of reasoning. In terms of literary style and composition, characterization and plot development in Italian Renaissance literature influenced the development of experiential narrative melding religious and secular views on morality, ethics and philosophy.In studying these trends in artistic composition, techniques, subjects and styles developed by Italian Renaissance writers, one will be able to develop insights to the social, political and economic developments brought on by the Renaissance in Italy which cradled both the R enaissance and the period by which it sought to contrast itself. Like the visual arts, Renaissance writers often employed illusionism to explore real issues.In doing so, they were able to present social, moral or philosophical commentary without direct conflict with other belief systems and at the same time highlight the value of systematic and scholastic study. In doing so, it brought into popular arenas intellectual discussion reminiscent of classical scholastic traditions. However, though there was significant reference to classical traditions, Italian Renaissance writers recognized the going away between philosophy and science which persists to contemporary studies as well.ReferenceBondanella, Julia Conaway and Musa, Mark (1987). The Italian Renaissance Reader. New York Penguin Books

Creating an atmosphere of tension Essay Example for Free

Creating an gentle wind of tension EssayCompare the opening scenes of cardinal charter versions of Great Expectations and review how effective they are in creating an atmosphere of tension.The widely known book Great Expectations by Charles Dickens has many film adaptations, but during this essay I will be concentrating on two particular versions, the 1945 version, directed by David Lean and the 1997 version, directed by Julian Jarrold. During this essay I will be reviewing how effective each of these openings are and comparability them.Camera Angles are clearly the most outstanding factor at creating an atmosphere of tension in the opening of this film. For an hearing of today the camera angles and vistas, from the after version directed by Julian Jarrold is much more effective at creating tension, as the short, snappy changes between shots such as jump shot to the grave yard, close up on the convicts feet, jump shot, fool aways face, jump shot, close up on the convicts feet again etc.This fast action keeps the audience intermeshed and they always have something to be looking at. Also Julian Jarrold cleverly uses sea gulls for two of the shots, to show that maybe something scary, that cant be shown on examine is contingency and in any case can be compared to Pip trapped by the convict unlike the free, flying birds. This provokes the audience to wonder what might be happening and want to carry on watching to find out.However David Lean doesnt make much use of the Camera angles, and in effect his opening of the film isnt as interesting or engaging. In total David Lean uses about 10 different shots which compared to Julian Jarrold is nonhing. But both directors use a like shot during the opening, David Lean uses a long shot and Julian Jarrold uses a long shot, zooming in on Pip while on the marshes to show the context of use of the film and to show how small and vulnerable Pip is. As well as the camera angles and shots the music and vigorous e ffects accompanying them play an important role at creating tension.In the opening credits of the earlier version, directed by David Lean, the music accompanying the credits convinces the audience with its happy, jolly, music that the film is breathing out to be considerly how the music sounds, happy, jolly etc. but the actual opening of this film version is the total opposite, portraying a dark distressing opening to the film. Whereas Julian Jarrold in the later version, opens the scene with single long note of eerie, mystical music to set the atmosphere of the film. He also changes the festinate in which the music is played, slowing it down in places to suit what may be happening the film.At the start of David Leans version he uses the older Pip to narrate from the book Great Expectations, which is lighted by a spot light, this isnt very effective as it tell the audience that Pip is still alive at the end, leaving some of the suspense out of the scene. David Lean uses a numb er of sound effects such as bird noises to make the marshes sound wild and tries to create tension by using the creaking of trees and rattling of chains on the convict. As the technology was not as well go in 1945 as it is today the sound effects are obviously not as good as the 1997 and this can make the film bet inadequate compared to Julian Jarrolds version. Similar to David Lean, Julian Jarrold uses a wide range of sound effects to show the wildness and devoid marshes, but he also uses sounds such as foot steps and heavy breathing which interrupts the music at times.Although David Lean contradicts the film with the music, he uses the weather effectively to set the atmosphere, using firm wind, that whistles in the vast open marshes, to show how desolate they are. In the later version, Julian Jarrold doesnt use the weather to set the mood, he uses clear bluish skies, but he uses the sky to show the time changes, for example, when Pip is running home the sun is setting, to sho w that it is evening. Both directors have used similar sets for the marshes, flat, desolate areas to convey how small and alone Pip is. David Lean uses quite an open area for the graveyard which isnt that effective. Julian Jarrold however uses a long grassy firmament which is very enclose where Pip is being chased toward the graveyard by the convict, which suggests Pip is being hunted like a wild animal. He uses this enclosed space to relate to todays audience. Both directors have chosen to light Pips face, as a stain of good and keep the convicts face dark, as a sign of evil. A classic thing that most directors tend to use.Both directors for the cast of the convict have ventured down similar paths. Using well built, ugly, bald and strong man for the role of the convict, that towers over Pip to show how small and venerable he is. The convict wear dark, dirty and ripped cotton clothing, to show that he has had a rough journey and has chains and an iron on his leg to show that he i s a escaped convict. On the contrary the directors have chosen to the highest degree opposite actors for Pip. David Lean chose a blonde haired, blue eyed baby faced, neat and innocent looking boy, giving the impression he is a civilised well behaved boy and Julian Jarrold chose a brown haired boy, with longish messy hair, brown eyes and a rough, rugged, cheeky look about him, to suit todays audience and meet their expectations of a boy of that age, so its easier for them to relate to the film. David Leans Pip wears a scarf, shirt, waist coast and slightly short trousers showing that he is poor and Julian Jarrolds Pip wears short trousers and a shirt, which is very dirty and ripped.David Lean chooses to stay very close to the script in the book and the script is almost the exact writings from the book. But Julian Jarrold however decided to use none of the script and let the actions speak for themselves, in the whole of the opening only one word is said, which is MUMMY which is said by Pip.In conclusion both films are effective at creating an atmosphere or tension for each of the targeted audiences. As the version directed by David Lean was made in 1945, people had different interests, so that particular version shown to an audience today may not be that effective as the later version directed by Julian Jarrold.

The Spanish And Ottoman Empire

The Spanish And poove EmpireThe fourteenth and fifteenth centuries marked key points in the development of both the Spanish and the Ottoman empires. The building of the Spanish and the Ottoman Empires are both similar and different in many ways. With the discovery of the Americas and the conquering of Constantinople, both empires were emerging as orb powers. Furthermore, both empires certain into strong religious empires. One major(ip) difference was the reasons for conquest between the both vast empires. The Spanish sought to improve wiliness whereas the Ottoman Empire sought military control.There were also many similarities and differences in how the Spanish and the Ottoman Empires developed politically. The Spanish used the Encomienda System as a base for economic and political order in the Americas. Using this dodge, the men who served the crown, or the encomenderos, were awarded part of the labor and produce of the natives. The Spanish king command through the Council of the Indies, allowing the king to appoint viceroys. Furthermore, the Spanish king could oversee the treasury office and the royal court of appeals, or audiencia. In contrast, the Ottoman Empire developed a bureaucracy, and because of religious tolerance allowed Christians and Jews to participate in the government.The Spanish and the Ottoman Empires can be compared and contrasted economically. One difference between the deuce empires was taxing in the Ottoman Empire. Although the Ottoman Empire was tolerant of new(prenominal) religions, they imposed a special tax on non Muslims called the jizya. One similarity was the establishment of trade routes in both empires. The Spanish Empire established trade routes to the Americas and the Ottoman Empire, under the rule of Suleyman, expanded populations, roads, and trade routes. Suleyman led the Ottoman Empire to the Pax Ottomanica , resulting in the golden age that allowed the empire to flourish. Furthermore, the Ottoman Empire controlled h alf of the Danube River, allowing them to control trade.Socially, both the Spanish and the Ottoman Empires were very uncompromising religious empires. The Spanish were strict Catholics (maybe tolerant). Similarly, the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire was a devout Muslim. The Spanish spread Christianity throughout the Americas, converting Natives similar to how the Ottomans converted boys in poor villages top ranking janissaries. However, the two empires did differ in that the Ottoman Empire was tolerant of other religions. The Ottoman Empire tolerated other religions because by allowing the Christians and Jews to practice their religions freely, the Ottoman Turks could defend themselves against revolts and rebellions. One major difference between the two empires was their reasons for refinement and conquest. The Spanish Empire expanded to further promote trade, whereas the Ottoman Empire expanded for military control. chthonian a system known as devshirme the Ottoman Sultan rounded u p boys between the ages of 12 and 20 from villages and trained the best 10 percent to be civil servants or military men known as janissaries. However a similarity can be found in the decline of these two empires, where both empires ended because of the implications of the systems they sought to improve in expansion. The Spanish, in attempts to improve trade started to decline because of a weak financial base, unable to reap the benefits of trade. Similarly, when the expansion of the Ottoman Empire stopped, the empire lacked the influx of manpower to have its system of maintaining an competent population of civil servants and military men. A serial military master followed afterwards.During the periods of 1450 to 1800, the building of the Spanish and the Ottoman Empire developed in similar and different ways. Politically, the Spanish used an encomienda system whereas the Ottomans developed a bureaucratic government. Economically, the Spanish and the Ottoman developed trade routes, but the Spanish did not impose the jizya as the Ottomans did. Socially, both empires were strictly religious but the Ottomans were more tolerant of other religions. Despite their emergence as world powers, both empires declined as a result of the Spanishs inability to develop a strong financial base and the Ottomans tribulation to continue maintaining a constant manpower.Whereas the Spanish easily conquered the New World, the Ottomans constantly fought against different people from Africa, Asia, and Europe. Ottoman society was divided politically into wealth producers, soldiers, Muslims, and non-Muslims. Under a system known as devshirme the Sultan rounded up boys between the ages of 12 and 20 from villages and trained the best 10 percent to be civil servants or military men known as janissaries.After the relatively easier early conquest, Spanish legislation prohibited exploration and enslavement of Indians in its New Laws of 1542. In Mexico and Peru the decree was ignored and lea d to a debate about how the colonies should be run, with some prominent ruling class arguing that Indians should be treated with protection and care, while others argued for a slavery system. The Ottoman Empire was less enlightened in ideology, but ruled with brute penalties for criminal acts, and efficient administration ad legal procedures. The Sultan considered himself supreme as compared against other monarchs.Indians died because of disease, dislocation, and the rigors of mine work following the European conquest. When the Spanish monarch ended the encomienda system the colonists increasingly sought grant of lands creating rural estates that produced cultural products. Gradually, the Americas evolved into an economic base that supports Spain. As for the Ottoman Empire, its decline was drastic. When the expansion stopped, the empire lacked the influx of manpower to feed its system of maintaining an efficient population of civil servants and military men. A serial military defeat followed afterwards.